[18], In any case, Enlils emergence as the kingmaker of Mesopotamia doesnt extend as far back in Sumerian history as was thought. Also at Delos, that association of Tyrians, though mostly devoted to Heracles-Melqart, elected a member to bear a crown every year when sacrifices to Poseidon took place. These entities gave birth to An, the god of the sky which doubled as heaven, and Ki, who represented the Earth. With more than 3,000 Sumerian gods and goddesses, the pantheon is immense. The most common Akkadian names of the five planets, iu (Mercury), Dilbat (Venus), albatnu (Mars), White Star (Jupiter), and Kayymnu (Saturn), are attested first in 1800-1000 bce. In this article, I am going to give you a crash course in the mythology of Enki and Enlil. The name is Akkadian and means 'crossing place' or 'place of transition'. Occult researchers affirm that Saturn ruled the kingdom of Atlantis and became the divine ancestor of all earthly patriarchs and kings. Ninurta began his divine career as a god of irrigation and agriculture. No deity in the Sumerian pantheon of gods was above making mistakes, and these errors and lapses of judgment were often regarded as parabolic lessons. Another interesting concept that was common in the Sumerian civilization was that of patron deities. He was the son of Ninhursag and Enlil, and the Babylonians believed that he was a brave warrior riding on a lion with a scorpion tail. Saturn, Venus, Mars were mistress suns before our yellow sun . If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . As the myth goes, she allowed the demons of the underworld to take him after he failed to show a satisfactory level of sadness upon her own descent into the Nether realm. Nanna (also known as Nannar, Nanna-Suen, Sin, Asimbabbar, Namrasit, Inbu) is the Mesopotamian god of the moon and wisdom. It probably means he of Kumar, a site identified with the modern village of Kmr, about twenty-five miles northwest of Aleppo. Named after the Earth itself, Ki was a direct descendent of Nammu. This myth nicely rounds up Inannas personality:lustful, violent, and vengeful. The goddess was also said to have crafted a set of legislations that shaped the code of law and etiquette in the area. The title gitti is also found in Serbit text 353. The Fallen Realm doesnt hesitate to steal that which belongs to their Creator. A rarer form, . [20]His name was rarely used as the theophoric element in personal names before the Akkadian conquest of Southern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC.[21]. She then proceeded to turn it into a living, breathing human with the help of seven goddesses including Ninmah, who played the role of a midwife. It was about this time that Enlil appears to have been elevated from the status of patron god of Nippur, a city located near the Euphrates about one hundred miles southeast of modern Baghdad, to head of the Mesopotamian pantheon. Two other apparent fossilized expressions are arz-'l 'cedars of God' (generally translated something like 'mighty cedars', 'goodly cedars') in Psalm 80:10 (in Hebrew verse 11) and kharr-'l 'mountains of God' (generally translated something like 'great mountains', 'mighty mountains') in Psalm 36:7 (in Hebrew verse 6). It' s a free PDF paper (28 pp) on the planets in Mesopotamian sources (i.e., the actual cuneiform astronomical texts also known as the stuff Zecharia Sitchin hides from his readers). Why Nippur was chosen is anyones guess. This star is actually not a star at all, but the largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter. When viewed as applying to the King of Tyre specifically, the king was probably not thinking of Yahweh. The god of the southern deserts The first mention of the Israelite tribe itself is a victory stele erected around 1210 BCE by the pharaoh Mernetpah (sometimes called "the Israel stele"). According to the Sumerians these gods came from the planet Nibiru 'Planet of the Crossing.' The Assyrians and Babylonians called it 'Marduk', after their chief god. [20], The name Raphael or Rapha-El, meaning 'God has healed' in Ugarit, is attested to in approximately 1350 BCE in one of the Amarna Letters EA333, found in Tell-el-Hesi from the ruler of Lachish to 'The Great One' [21]. How old is the United States of America? Scholars used to believe that the gods name was a combination of the Sumerian wordsen(lord) andll(air/wind or storm). l is called again and again Tru l ("Bull l" or "the bull god"). This included the aforementioned air god Enlil, air goddess Ninlil, moon god Nanna, and sun god Utu. This was not done at random, however, as the patron deity of a city defined its strength and significance in the region, and the god of a city ascended the ranks in mythology in accordance with the rise of a city itself. A trilingual god list from Ugarit, composed during the time of the judges, confirms that the Amorites, Hurrians, Akkadians, and Sumerians all worshiped the god with this handy linguistic equation: Enlil = Kumarbi = El. In the Hebrew texts this word is interpreted as being semantically singular for "god" by biblical commentators. Morris Jastrow said: "Inasmuch as astrology deals primarily, as a system of divination, with the phenomena observed only at night, the foremost place is naturally occupied by the great orb of night, the moon, which, when a personified power, was designated as En-Zu, "the lord of wisdom," and had the . But Enlils prestige continued for centuries afterward. Later, perhaps referring to this same death of Sadidus we are told: But on the occurrence of a pestilence and mortality Cronus offers his only begotten son as a whole burnt-offering to his father Sky and circumcises himself, compelling his allies also to do the same. 87, No. It's hard to come across evidence that is conclusive about how life really was back then but suffice to say that Sumeria has always been a place of fascination. [27] He also fathered many gods, most importantly Baal, Yam, and Mot, each sharing similar attributes to the Greco-Roman gods: Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades respectively. They move, or rather appear to move, against the background of seemingly fixed stars. Why these two? If El was the high God of AbrahamElohim, the prototype of YahvehAsherah was his wife, and there are archaeological indications that she was perceived as such before she was in effect "divorced" in the context of emerging Judaism of the 7th century BCE. One of the first civilizations to grace the Earth, the Sumerians banded together and settled in ancient southern Mesopotamia (modern day south-central Iraq) around 3500 BC. Robert William Rogers, ed., Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament (New York: Eaton & Mains, & Cincinnati: Jennings & Graham, 1912), pp. Originally, he seems to have been a god of thunderstorms. When Inanna visited the Netherworld, Ereshkigal had her stripped naked by the time she crossed the seven gates of hell, and proceeded to change her into a corpse. Cronus or Kronos is known for having swallowed his children, until his youngest child, Zeus, forced him to regurgitate. The only consistent aspect of any visual portrayals is his symbol, which was a horned cap. One of the other two occurrences in the Tanakh is in the "Song of Moses", Exodus 15:11a: Who is like you among the Gods ('lim), Yahweh? Although the Amorites spoke a Semitic language, they were usually portrayed in Egyptian art with fair skin. This is a plausible scenario, given that the Sumerian homeland in southern Iraq is noticeably devoid of mountains. [17]The Hurrians (the Horites of the Bible) and Amorites were among the tribes Joshua and the Israelites had to push out of Canaan. An. The offspring of air deities Enlil and Ninlil, Nanna was responsible for bringing light to the dark sky, which was said to be divided into three domes over a flat Earth with each dome made of a precious substance. Dabbling in all kinds of knowledge, art, crafting, magic, and spells, Enki also known as the god Ea later on was involved in almost every brainy aspect of life in ancient Mesopotamia. [28] Though Ugarit had a large temple dedicated to Dagon and another to Hadad, there was no temple dedicated to l. After the Roman conquest of Greece, he was conflated with the Greek Titan . An took control of heaven and separated the sky from the Earth when Enlil came between himself and Ki, allowing for the creation of the universe. Cronus, also spelled Cronos or Kronos, in ancient Greek religion, male deity who was worshipped by the pre-Hellenic population of Greece but probably was not widely worshipped by the Greeks themselves; he was later identified with the Roman god Saturn. The Sumerian texts state that he used his powers responsibly and with benevolence, always watching over the well-being of humanity. Personal names including the stem l are found with similar patterns in both Amorite and Sabaic. Reply Quote. Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hittite texts. 268-278. Jesus is really the son of Ouranos, or the deity that is above and controls the dome. E.g. Identification of an aspect of l with Poseidon rather than with Cronus might have been felt to better fit with Hellenistic religious practice, if indeed this Phoenician Poseidon really is the l who dwells at the source of the two deeps in Ugaritic texts. Either way, she went on to enlist the help of Enki to create a clay figurine in the image of the gods themselves. Remember, the Amorites of that era worshiped only two gods, the god Ilu (El) and the moon-god called Bl ad (lord of the mountain). With either or each of them she birthed Damu and Ninazu, both gods of healing. Different from many other major pantheistic societies, such as the ancient Egyptians or the ancient Aztecs, the chief astral god of the Sumerians wasnt the sun god, but the moon god Nanna otherwise known as Sin. Of the four planes of existence in Sumerian mythos, the Netherworld, otherwise known as Kigal or Irkalla, was by far the most depressing. [38][39], In some places, especially in Psalm 29, Yahweh is clearly envisioned as a storm god,[40] something not true of l so far as we know[41] (although true of his son, Ba'al Haddad). The movement of the Sun . And the Hurrians, too, were familiar with highland life, as Urkesh controlled trade between their cousins in the Taurus Mountains to the north and the cities of Mesopotamia to the south. Mesopotamians believed these pyramid temples connected heaven and earth. He also had relationships with Damkina, and Ninsar and Ninkurra who were his daughters. Shamash, as the solar deity, exercised the power of light over darkness and evil. Despite Enlils symbol having been a horned crown, no horns can be seen in this instance although that is likely to be a result of thousands of years of damage. Moreover, they were also meant to live leisurely lives and be treated as whimsical masters at best, ominously present just beyond sight and sound as temperamental overseers to humans. Watch new episodes of Ancient Aliens Saturdays at 9/8c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite History Channel shows at https://history.com/schedule.The. Over time, garbage, debris, and earth were piled up to lift the town above the surrounding marsh. Numerous ancient texts describe him as both an aggressive, antagonistic god, while others have him down as a kind, friendly, and benevolent being who protected Sumerians. ENBILULU - The Mesopotamian water god charged with the care of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. 1 (1984), p. 1. However it can also mean that Yahweh stands in the Divine Council (generally known as the Council of l), as l judging among the other members of the council. The stem l is found prominently in the earliest strata of east Semitic, northwest Semitic, and south Semitic groups. [10] Among the Hittites, El was known as Elkunirsa. She was known to accompany her favorite king in battle in the shape of the planet Venus, the morning star, or the evening star. It is interesting that Nannar the moon-god was a male, not a female goddess. Cognate forms of l are found throughout the Semitic languages. During the time of Abraham and Isaac, in texts dated between 1900 BC and 1791 BC,[8]the only two gods attested among the Amorites of Mesopotamia were the moon-god and the god. [12], However, because the word l sometimes refers to a god other than the great god l, it is frequently ambiguous as to whether l followed by another name means the great god l with a particular epithet applied or refers to another god entirely. lm; Hebrew l, pl. [48], Sky and Earth have separated from one another in hostility, but Sky insists on continuing to force himself on Earth and attempts to destroy the children born of such unions. Traditionally bn 'lm has been interpreted as 'sons of the mighty', 'mighty ones', for 'El can mean 'mighty', though such use may be metaphorical (compare the English expression [by] God awful). When it comes to the well-known sun gods of early man, nothing in the mythical record seems to have unnerved the experts. 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